GMD cover
Executive editors: David Ham, Juan Antonio Añel, Astrid Kerkweg, Min-Hui Lo, Richard Neale, Rolf Sander & Paul Ullrich
eISSN: GMD 1991-9603, GMDD 1991-962X

Geoscientific Model Development (GMD) is a not-for-profit international scientific journal dedicated to the publication and public discussion of the description, development, and evaluation of numerical models of the Earth system and its components. The following manuscript types can be considered for peer-reviewed publication:

  • geoscientific model descriptions, from statistical models to box models to GCMs;
  • development and technical papers, describing developments such as new parameterizations or technical aspects of running models such as the reproducibility of results;
  • new methods for assessment of models, including work on developing new metrics for assessing model performance and novel ways of comparing model results with observational data;
  • papers describing new standard experiments for assessing model performance or novel ways of comparing model results with observational data;
  • model experiment descriptions, including experimental details and project protocols;
  • full evaluations of previously published models.

More details can be found in manuscript types and the journal editorial (compiled by the executive editors).

"I believe that the time is ripe for significantly better documentation of programs, and that we can best achieve this by considering programs to be works of literature." (Donald E. Knuth, Literate Programming, 1984)
"Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful." (George E. P. Box, Robustness in the strategy of scientific model building, 1979)

Journal metrics

GMD is indexed in the Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, etc. We refrain from displaying the journal metrics prominently on the landing page since citation metrics used in isolation do not describe importance, impact, or quality of a journal. However, these metrics can be found on the journal metrics page.

Highlight articles

23 Oct 2025
nextGEMS: entering the era of kilometer-scale Earth system modeling
Hans Segura, Xabier Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, Philipp Weiss, Sebastian K. Müller, Thomas Rackow, Junhong Lee, Edgar Dolores-Tesillos, Imme Benedict, Matthias Aengenheyster, Razvan Aguridan, Gabriele Arduini, Alexander J. Baker, Jiawei Bao, Swantje Bastin, Eulàlia Baulenas, Tobias Becker, Sebastian Beyer, Hendryk Bockelmann, Nils Brüggemann, Lukas Brunner, Suvarchal K. Cheedela, Sushant Das, Jasper Denissen, Ian Dragaud, Piotr Dziekan, Madeleine Ekblom, Jan Frederik Engels, Monika Esch, Richard Forbes, Claudia Frauen, Lilli Freischem, Diego García-Maroto, Philipp Geier, Paul Gierz, Álvaro González-Cervera, Katherine Grayson, Matthew Griffith, Oliver Gutjahr, Helmuth Haak, Ioan Hadade, Kerstin Haslehner, Shabeh ul Hasson, Jan Hegewald, Lukas Kluft, Aleksei Koldunov, Nikolay Koldunov, Tobias Kölling, Shunya Koseki, Sergey Kosukhin, Josh Kousal, Peter Kuma, Arjun U. Kumar, Rumeng Li, Nicolas Maury, Maximilian Meindl, Sebastian Milinski, Kristian Mogensen, Bimochan Niraula, Jakub Nowak, Divya Sri Praturi, Ulrike Proske, Dian Putrasahan, René Redler, David Santuy, Domokos Sármány, Reiner Schnur, Patrick Scholz, Dmitry Sidorenko, Dorian Spät, Birgit Sützl, Daisuke Takasuka, Adrian Tompkins, Alejandro Uribe, Mirco Valentini, Menno Veerman, Aiko Voigt, Sarah Warnau, Fabian Wachsmann, Marta Wacławczyk, Nils Wedi, Karl-Hermann Wieners, Jonathan Wille, Marius Winkler, Yuting Wu, Florian Ziemen, Janos Zimmermann, Frida A.-M. Bender, Dragana Bojovic, Sandrine Bony, Simona Bordoni, Patrice Brehmer, Marcus Dengler, Emanuel Dutra, Saliou Faye, Erich Fischer, Chiel van Heerwaarden, Cathy Hohenegger, Heikki Järvinen, Markus Jochum, Thomas Jung, Johann H. Jungclaus, Noel S. Keenlyside, Daniel Klocke, Heike Konow, Martina Klose, Szymon Malinowski, Olivia Martius, Thorsten Mauritsen, Juan Pedro Mellado, Theresa Mieslinger, Elsa Mohino, Hanna Pawłowska, Karsten Peters-von Gehlen, Abdoulaye Sarré, Pajam Sobhani, Philip Stier, Lauri Tuppi, Pier Luigi Vidale, Irina Sandu, and Bjorn Stevens
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 7735–7761, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-7735-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-7735-2025, 2025
Short summary Executive editor
10 Oct 2025
A dilatant visco-elasto-viscoplasticity model with globally continuous tensile cap: stable two-field mixed formulation
Anton A. Popov, Nicolas Berlie, and Boris J. P. Kaus
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 7035–7058, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-7035-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-7035-2025, 2025
Short summary Executive editor
01 Oct 2025
An evolving Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 7 (CMIP7) and Fast Track in support of future climate assessment
John P. Dunne, Helene T. Hewitt, Julie M. Arblaster, Frédéric Bonou, Olivier Boucher, Tereza Cavazos, Beth Dingley, Paul J. Durack, Birgit Hassler, Martin Juckes, Tomoki Miyakawa, Matt Mizielinski, Vaishali Naik, Zebedee Nicholls, Eleanor O'Rourke, Robert Pincus, Benjamin M. Sanderson, Isla R. Simpson, and Karl E. Taylor
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 6671–6700, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-6671-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-6671-2025, 2025
Short summary Executive editor
05 Sep 2025
flat10MIP: an emissions-driven experiment to diagnose the climate response to positive, zero and negative CO2 emissions
Benjamin M. Sanderson, Victor Brovkin, Rosie A. Fisher, David Hohn, Tatiana Ilyina, Chris D. Jones, Torben Koenigk, Charles Koven, Hongmei Li, David M. Lawrence, Peter Lawrence, Spencer Liddicoat, Andrew H. MacDougall, Nadine Mengis, Zebedee Nicholls, Eleanor O'Rourke, Anastasia Romanou, Marit Sandstad, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Lori T. Sentman, Isla R. Simpson, Chris Smith, Norman J. Steinert, Abigail L. S. Swann, Jerry Tjiputra, and Tilo Ziehn
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 5699–5724, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5699-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5699-2025, 2025
Short summary Executive editor
27 Aug 2025
GPTCast: a weather language model for precipitation nowcasting
Gabriele Franch, Elena Tomasi, Rishabh Wanjari, Virginia Poli, Chiara Cardinali, Pier Paolo Alberoni, and Marco Cristoforetti
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 5351–5371, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5351-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5351-2025, 2025
Short summary Executive editor

Recent papers

05 Nov 2025
Development of a model framework for terrestrial carbon flux prediction: the Regional Carbon and Climate Analytics Tool (RCCAT) applied to non-tidal wetlands
Ashley Brereton, Zelalem A. Mekonnen, Bhavna Arora, William J. Riley, Kunxiaojia Yuan, Yi Xu, Yu Zhang, Qing Zhu, Tyler L. Anthony, and Adina Paytan
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 8157–8173, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8157-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8157-2025, 2025
Short summary
05 Nov 2025
HOPE: an arbitrary-order non-oscillatory finite-volume shallow water dynamical core with automatic differentiation
Lilong Zhou, Wei Xue, and Xueshun Shen
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 8175–8201, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8175-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8175-2025, 2025
Short summary
05 Nov 2025
Iterative run-time bias corrections in an atmospheric GCM (LMDZ v6.3)
Gerhard Krinner, Aude Champouillon, Juliette Blanchet, and Frédérique Chéruy
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3553,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3553, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: open, 0 comments)
Short summary
05 Nov 2025
Assimilating Geostationary Satellite Visible Reflectance Data: developing and testing the GSI-EnKF-CRTM-Vis technique
Chong Luo, Yongbo Zhou, Yubao Liu, Wei Han, Bin Yao, and Chao Liu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4553,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4553, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: open, 0 comments)
Short summary
04 Nov 2025
Fluid flow channeling and mass transport with discontinuous porosity distribution
Simon Boisserée, Evangelos Moulas, and Markus Bachmayr
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 8143–8156, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8143-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8143-2025, 2025
Short summary

News

13 Mar 2025 New agreement between California Digital Library and Copernicus Publications

We are delighted to announce a new agreement between the California Digital Library and Copernicus Publications. The University of California will cover 50% of article processing charges (APCs) for manuscripts affiliated with any of their research units. Read more.

13 Mar 2025 New agreement between California Digital Library and Copernicus Publications

We are delighted to announce a new agreement between the California Digital Library and Copernicus Publications. The University of California will cover 50% of article processing charges (APCs) for manuscripts affiliated with any of their research units. Read more.

10 Feb 2025 Thank you to all our referees in 2024!

A big thank you to all referees for their volunteer work in providing fair, thorough, and constructive peer-review reports! Through their invaluable contribution our interactive open-access journals maintain their high scientific standards and their ongoing success.

10 Feb 2025 Thank you to all our referees in 2024!

A big thank you to all referees for their volunteer work in providing fair, thorough, and constructive peer-review reports! Through their invaluable contribution our interactive open-access journals maintain their high scientific standards and their ongoing success.

05 Feb 2025 Copernicus Publications and all journals left Twitter

The Copernicus Twitter account as well as all Twitter accounts of journals published by us have been deactivated. There will be no automatic feeds of newly posted preprints or published journal articles anymore, we do not actively tweet, and the status informs that the accounts are no longer maintained. Twitter is no longer linked from the journal websites or in the share section of the preprint or journal article HTML pages.

05 Feb 2025 Copernicus Publications and all journals left Twitter

The Copernicus Twitter account as well as all Twitter accounts of journals published by us have been deactivated. There will be no automatic feeds of newly posted preprints or published journal articles anymore, we do not actively tweet, and the status informs that the accounts are no longer maintained. Twitter is no longer linked from the journal websites or in the share section of the preprint or journal article HTML pages.

Notice on the current situation in Ukraine

To show our support for Ukraine, all fees for papers from authors (first or corresponding authors) affiliated to Ukrainian institutions are automatically waived, regardless if these papers are co-authored by scientists affiliated to Russian and/or Belarusian institutions. The only exception will be if the corresponding author or first contact (contractual partner of Copernicus) are from a Russian and/or Belarusian institution, in that case the APCs are not waived.

In accordance with current European restrictions, Copernicus Publications does not step into business relations with and issue APC-invoices (articles processing charges) to Russian and Belarusian institutions. The peer-review process and scientific exchange of our journals including preprint posting is not affected. However, these restrictions require that the first contact (contractual partner of Copernicus) has an affiliation and invoice address outside Russia or Belarus.