GMD cover
Executive editors: David Ham, Juan Antonio Añel, Astrid Kerkweg, Min-Hui Lo, Richard Neale, Rolf Sander & Paul Ullrich
eISSN: GMD 1991-9603, GMDD 1991-962X

Geoscientific Model Development (GMD) is a not-for-profit international scientific journal dedicated to the publication and public discussion of the description, development, and evaluation of numerical models of the Earth system and its components. The following manuscript types can be considered for peer-reviewed publication:

  • geoscientific model descriptions, from statistical models to box models to GCMs;
  • development and technical papers, describing developments such as new parameterizations or technical aspects of running models such as the reproducibility of results;
  • new methods for assessment of models, including work on developing new metrics for assessing model performance and novel ways of comparing model results with observational data;
  • papers describing new standard experiments for assessing model performance or novel ways of comparing model results with observational data;
  • model experiment descriptions, including experimental details and project protocols;
  • full evaluations of previously published models.

More details can be found in manuscript types and the journal editorial (compiled by the executive editors).

"I believe that the time is ripe for significantly better documentation of programs, and that we can best achieve this by considering programs to be works of literature." (Donald E. Knuth, Literate Programming, 1984)
"Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful." (George E. P. Box, Robustness in the strategy of scientific model building, 1979)

Online system Copernicus Office unavailable on Sunday, 12 April 2026

The Copernicus online application 'Copernicus Office', the infrastructure on which the journal review system and conference organization run, is being prepared for the coming years! On Sunday, 12 April 2026, the system will be migrated and will therefore be unavailable from 04:00 CEST until approximately 20:00 CEST. Our goal is to make the system more efficient, secure, and powerful.

What will be unavailable? The entire journal review process will be unavailable. Furthermore, the website search function will not be accessible. However, the online libraries containing preprints and journal articles can be used as usual.

We ask for your understanding regarding this significant change to the Copernicus Office and apologize for any inconvenience caused. Thank you very much for your interest in our services.

Journal metrics

GMD is indexed in the Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, etc. We refrain from displaying the journal metrics prominently on the landing page since citation metrics used in isolation do not describe importance, impact, or quality of a journal. However, these metrics can be found on the journal metrics page.

Highlight articles

07 Apr 2026
The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP7 (ScenarioMIP-CMIP7)
Detlef P. Van Vuuren, Brian C. O'Neill, Claudia Tebaldi, Benjamin M. Sanderson, Louise P. Chini, Pierre Friedlingstein, Tomoko Hasegawa, Keywan Riahi, Bala Govindasamy, Nico Bauer, Veronika Eyring, Cheikh M. N. Fall, Katja Frieler, Matthew J. Gidden, Laila K. Gohar, Annika Högner, Andrew D. Jones, Jarmo Kikstra, Andrew King, Reto Knutti, Elmar Kriegler, Peter Lawrence, Chris Lennard, Jason Lowe, Camilla Mathison, Shahbaz Mehmood, Zebedee Nicholls, Luciana F. Prado, Qiang Zhang, Steven K. Rose, Alex C. Ruane, Marit Sandstad, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, Roland Seferian, Jana Sillmann, Chris Smith, Anna A. Sörensson, Swapna Panickal, Kaoru Tachiiri, Naomi Vaughan, Saritha S. Vishwanathan, Tokuta Yokohata, Marco Zecchetto, and Tilo Ziehn
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 2627–2656, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2627-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2627-2026, 2026
Short summary Editorial statement
12 Feb 2026
NorESM2–DIAM: a coupled model for investigating global and regional climate-economy interactions
Jenny Bjordal, Anthony A. Smith Jr., Henri Cornec, and Trude Storelvmo
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 1337–1365, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-1337-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-1337-2026, 2026
Short summary Editorial statement
23 Jan 2026
Operational numerical weather prediction with ICON on GPUs (version 2024.10)
Xavier Lapillonne, Daniel Hupp, Fabian Gessler, André Walser, Andreas Pauling, Annika Lauber, Benjamin Cumming, Carlos Osuna, Christoph Müller, Claire Merker, Daniel Leuenberger, David Leutwyler, Dmitry Alexeev, Gabriel Vollenweider, Guillaume Van Parys, Jonas Jucker, Lukas Jansing, Marco Arpagaus, Marco Induni, Marek Jacob, Matthias Kraushaar, Michael Jähn, Mikael Stellio, Oliver Fuhrer, Petra Baumann, Philippe Steiner, Pirmin Kaufmann, Remo Dietlicher, Ralf Müller, Sergey Kosukhin, Thomas C. Schulthess, Ulrich Schättler, Victoria Cherkas, and William Sawyer
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 755–772, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-755-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-755-2026, 2026
Short summary Editorial statement
15 Jan 2026
The ISIMIP groundwater sector: a framework for ensemble modeling of global change impacts on groundwater
Robert Reinecke, Tanjila Akhter, Annemarie Bäthge, Ricarda Dietrich, Sebastian Gnann, Simon N. Gosling, Danielle Grogan, Andreas Hartmann, Stefan Kollet, Rohini Kumar, Richard Lammers, Sida Liu, Yan Liu, Nils Moosdorf, Bibi Naz, Sara Nazari, Chibuike Orazulike, Yadu Pokhrel, Jacob Schewe, Mikhail Smilovic, Maryna Strokal, Wim Thiery, Yoshihide Wada, Shan Zuidema, and Inge de Graaf
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 523–542, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-523-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-523-2026, 2026
Short summary Editorial statement
15 Dec 2025
Feedback-based sea level rise impact modelling for integrated assessment models with FRISIAv1.0
Lennart Ramme, Benjamin Blanz, Christopher Wells, Tony E. Wong, William Schoenberg, Chris Smith, and Chao Li
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 10017–10052, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-10017-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-10017-2025, 2025
Short summary Editorial statement

Recent papers

09 Apr 2026
Revisiting the parameterization of dense water plume dynamics in geopotential coordinates in NEMO v4.2.2
Robinson Hordoir, Jarle Berntsen, Magnus Hieronymus, Per Pemberton, and Hjálmar Hátún
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 2677–2690, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2677-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2677-2026, 2026
Short summary
08 Apr 2026
TIPMIP-OCEAN experimental protocol phase 1: Tipping dynamics of the AMOC
Didier Swingedouw, Laura Jackson, Aixue Hu, Anastasia Romanou, Nicole C. Laureanti, Wilbert Weijer, Sina Loriani, Bette Otto-Bliesner, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Lucas Almeida, Alessio Bellucci, Reyk Börner, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Donovan P. Dennis, Marion Devilliers, Sybren Drijfhout, Jonathan Donges, Friederike Fröb, Thomas L. Frölicher, Guillaume Gastineau, Heiko Goelzer, Chuncheng Guo, Urs Hofmann, Anna Höse, Colin Jones, Torben Koenigk, Ann Kristin Klose, Valerio Lembo, Jose Licon-Salaiz, Ken Mankoff, Virna Meccia, Irina Melnikova, Oliver Mehling, Laurie Menviel, Juliette Mignot, Jon I. Robson, Gavin A. Schmidt, Robin Smith, Yuchen Sun, Irene Trombini, Matteo Willeit, Richard Wood, Fanghua Wu, Lin Zhaohui, and Ricarda Winkelmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1698,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1698, 2026
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: open, 0 comments)
Short summary
08 Apr 2026
ORACLE-lite (v3.0): A reduced-complexity module for simulating organic aerosol formation and evolution in long term chemistry-climate simulations
Alexandra P. Tsimpidi and Vlassis A. Karydis
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1709,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1709, 2026
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: open, 0 comments)
Short summary
08 Apr 2026
A new Earth Observation–based WRF configuration for urban regional climate simulations over Paris
Iraklis Kyriakidis, Vasileios Pavlidis, Maria Gkolemi, Zina Mitraka, Nektarios Chrysoulakis, Josipa Milovac, Jesus Fernandez, and Eleni Katragkou
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1719,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1719, 2026
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: open, 0 comments)
Short summary
07 Apr 2026
| Highlight paper
The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP7 (ScenarioMIP-CMIP7)
Detlef P. Van Vuuren, Brian C. O'Neill, Claudia Tebaldi, Benjamin M. Sanderson, Louise P. Chini, Pierre Friedlingstein, Tomoko Hasegawa, Keywan Riahi, Bala Govindasamy, Nico Bauer, Veronika Eyring, Cheikh M. N. Fall, Katja Frieler, Matthew J. Gidden, Laila K. Gohar, Annika Högner, Andrew D. Jones, Jarmo Kikstra, Andrew King, Reto Knutti, Elmar Kriegler, Peter Lawrence, Chris Lennard, Jason Lowe, Camilla Mathison, Shahbaz Mehmood, Zebedee Nicholls, Luciana F. Prado, Qiang Zhang, Steven K. Rose, Alex C. Ruane, Marit Sandstad, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, Roland Seferian, Jana Sillmann, Chris Smith, Anna A. Sörensson, Swapna Panickal, Kaoru Tachiiri, Naomi Vaughan, Saritha S. Vishwanathan, Tokuta Yokohata, Marco Zecchetto, and Tilo Ziehn
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 2627–2656, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2627-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2627-2026, 2026
Short summary Editorial statement

News

13 Feb 2026 University of Western Ontario partners with Copernicus Publications to support open-access publishing

Copernicus Publications has signed a new agreement with Western Libraries at the University of Western Ontario, providing a 50% APC reduction for eligible corresponding authors submitting from 1 January 2026. Please read more.

13 Feb 2026 University of Western Ontario partners with Copernicus Publications to support open-access publishing

Copernicus Publications has signed a new agreement with Western Libraries at the University of Western Ontario, providing a 50% APC reduction for eligible corresponding authors submitting from 1 January 2026. Please read more.

03 Dec 2025 New MS Word template available for manuscript preparation

The existing MS Word template for authors has been significantly expanded and now includes many important notes on the standard sections that must be included in the manuscript. Please visit the "Submission" page, section "Templates for your manuscript file" and download the new template before writing your next manuscript.

03 Dec 2025 New MS Word template available for manuscript preparation

The existing MS Word template for authors has been significantly expanded and now includes many important notes on the standard sections that must be included in the manuscript. Please visit the "Submission" page, section "Templates for your manuscript file" and download the new template before writing your next manuscript.

13 Mar 2025 New agreement between California Digital Library and Copernicus Publications

We are delighted to announce a new agreement between the California Digital Library and Copernicus Publications. The University of California will cover 50% of article processing charges (APCs) for manuscripts affiliated with any of their research units. Read more.

13 Mar 2025 New agreement between California Digital Library and Copernicus Publications

We are delighted to announce a new agreement between the California Digital Library and Copernicus Publications. The University of California will cover 50% of article processing charges (APCs) for manuscripts affiliated with any of their research units. Read more.

Notice on APC invoices

In accordance with current European restrictions, Copernicus Publications does not step into business relations with and issue APC invoices (articles processing charges) to Russian and Belarusian institutions. The peer-review process and scientific exchange of our journals including preprint posting is not affected. However, these restrictions require that the first contact (contractual partner of Copernicus) has an affiliation and invoice address outside Russia or Belarus.